PERFORMANCE OF NANOFLUIDS IN COMPACT HEAT EXCHANGERS
THERMOHYDRAULIC SIMULATION AND EXPERIMENTAL VALIDATION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.69609/1516-2893.2026.v32.n2.a4114Keywords:
Compact heat exchangers, Nanofluids, Computational simulation, Thermal managementAbstract
Efficient thermal management is crucial for the performance and sustainability of modern automotive systems. This article investigates the heat transfer efficiency in vehicle radiators operating with titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanofluids. The main objective is to compare the thermal performance of conventional mixtures of demineralized water and ethylene glycol (EG) with TiO₂ nanofluids at low volumetric concentrations. The methodology consisted of developing a steady-state thermohydraulic simulation model, implemented in a Matlab/Simulink environment using the e-NTU method, validated by experimental tests on a test bench equipped with high-precision sensors and a data acquisition system. The results demonstrate that the addition of TiO₂ nanoparticles increases the effective thermal conductivity and convective
coefficients, resulting in an increase in the Heat Rejection Unit (UHR). It was observed that the thermal gain is enhanced under conditions of high external air flow. However, the analysis also revealed hydraulic penalties, with an increase in pressure drop proportional to the nanoparticle concentration. It is concluded that TiO₂ nanofluids are promising for optimizing the design of heat exchangers in combustion and electrified vehicles, provided that the project balances the thermal efficiency gain with the increase in pumping power.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Fernando Silva de Araújo Porto, Carlos Henrique De Paula Junior , Luiz Carlos Cordeiro Junior, Luís Fernando de Almeida

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