AVIATION DECARBONIZATION AND ENERGY TRANSITION: A LITERATURE REVIEW ON STRUCTURAL LIMITATIONS AND THE STRATEGIC POTENTIAL OF BRAZIL AND LATIN AMERICA

Abstract

The decarbonization of aviation represents one of the main challenges of the global energy transition, particularly due to the aviation sector’s strong dependence on fossil fuels with high energy density. In this context, Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF) have emerged as the most viable alternative for reducing carbon emissions in the short and medium term, mainly because of their compatibility with existing aircraft, engines, and airport infrastructure. This study aims to critically analyze the aviation decarbonization process, discussing international policies, technological limitations, economic challenges, and the strategic potential of Brazil and Latin America within the future global SAF production chain. The methodology is based on an exploratory bibliographic review supported by scientific articles, institutional reports, and technical documents related to aviation energy transition. The results indicate that different regions adopt distinct decarbonization strategies involving regulatory mechanisms, industrial incentives, and technological innovation policies. In the Brazilian case, significant productive potential was identified due to biomass availability, logistical infrastructure, and consolidated experience in biofuels. However, challenges related to public policy integration, financing, industrial infrastructure, and production scalability remain with an opportunity to conduct PESTEL analysis. The study concludes that Brazil’s leading role in SAF production will depend on the articulation between technological development, territorial planning, logistics, and environmental regulation.