Front-of-Package Nutrition Labeling and Health Literacy in Children and Adolescents

An Integrative Review of Current Evidence and Regulatory Implications

Resumo

Health literacy is fundamental for promoting self-care and informed dietary choices, especially during childhood, a critical period for establishing lifelong eating behaviors. Front-of-package nutrition labeling has emerged as a public health strategy to provide clear and accessible information about critical nutrients, supporting healthier food decisions. Objective: To synthesize, through an integrative review, the scientific evidence on the effectiveness of front-of-package nutrition labeling in comprehension, risk perception, and food choices among children and adolescents, and its relationship with health literacy in this age group. Secondarily, to discuss this evidence in light of the Brazilian regulatory context established by Anvisa. Data source: An integrative literature review was conducted using PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS databases, including studies published between 2018 and 2025. The following descriptors were used: Health Literacy; Self-care; Food Labeling; Food, Processed; Front-of-package Labels; Child; Adolescent; Obesity. Data synthesis: Twenty-four studies were included, representing diverse geographic and socioeconomic contexts. More direct warning models, such as octagons and triangles, showed greater effectiveness in improving comprehension, risk perception, and healthier food choices among children and adolescents. The Brazilian magnifying glass model demonstrated comparatively limited impact. Educational interventions, including videos and digital games, consistently improved health literacy and behavioral outcomes. Methodological heterogeneity and contextual factors, such as marketing exposure and socioeconomic conditions, influenced overall effectiveness. Front-of-package nutrition labeling is a relevant strategy to support health literacy and promote healthier dietary choices in pediatric populations. Its effectiveness depends on graphic design, regulatory strength, and integration with educational and broader public health policies.